John Wayne Gacy's Trial Begins
Opening statements were delivered on Wednesday, February 6, 1980. The next day, prosecutors began to call family members of Gacy's victims—at least the 22 that had then been identified—to the witness stand. One woman fainted after being shown her murdered 14-year-old son's bracelet.
Gacy employees testified about sexual advances he’d made to them and about his directing them to dig out parts of his crawl space. Other prosecution witnesses discussed Gacy's confession, in which he'd described using a "rope trick" to kill his victims. The medical examiner explained how several victims had been strangled or suffocated.
Flooring, including the trapdoor used to enter the crawl space in Gacy's house, was set up as a state exhibit. It remained in the courtroom for the rest of the trial.
Case for the Defense
Gacy's attorneys argued their client had been mentally ill and could not be held criminally responsible for his 33 murders. They said he should instead be institutionalized.
The first defense witness was, surprisingly, Jeffrey Rignall, who had survived an attack by Gacy in March 1978. (Rignall had gone to the police at the time, but they did not pursue charges against Gacy.)
Kevin McMunigal, a criminal law professor at Case Western University's School of Law and former federal prosecutor, tells A&E Crime + Investigation the defense decision for Rignall to testify was a gamble that risked backfiring: "[Rignall's] physical reaction reinforces how horrible these crimes are. And watching him go through that is going to cause a visceral reaction on the part of the jury. If he went through this, all 30 of these kids must have gone through the same."
Defense experts who'd interviewed Gacy testified that he suffered from periods of psychosis. They said he was unable to control his behavior during these episodes.
Prosecution Rebuttal
The prosecution presented their own expert testimony about Gacy's mental state. These doctors had diagnosed Gacy with a personality disorder but said he had not experienced moments of temporary insanity. One said that constructing a crawl space to bury bodies was evidence of planning.
Prosecutor William Kunkle asked another expert if he could guarantee Gacy would spend the rest of his life in a mental institution. The doctor answered, "Absolutely impossible… We find it very difficult to keep people in hospitals who in fact need to be there because of concern, which I can understand, that to hospitalize is a deprivation of civil rights."
The doctor's answer prompted the defense to request a mistrial. Judge Garippo did not do so but instructed the jury they should only consider Gacy's mental state at the time of the killings.
However, McMunigal says juries do take the prospect of release into consideration. "[Juries] are very reluctant to accept an insanity defense—partly, I think, because they're afraid of people, if they've done something like Gacy," he explains. "They just want to make sure he's not out."
John Wayne Gacy's Verdict
The defense's closing statement asked the jury not to let hatred and hysteria cloud its judgment.
Kunkle delivered the final statement for the prosecution. He took victims' photos off a display board as he spoke. "You show him the same mercy he showed when he took these innocent lives off the face of the earth, and put them here!" he exhorted the jury as he emphatically threw the pictures into the crawl space trapdoor exhibit still set up in the courtroom.
The jury deliberated for an hour and 50 minutes on March 12, 1980, before returning with guilty verdicts for Gacy. At the time, this made him the man convicted of the most murders in U.S. history.
The next day, jurors voted on the death penalty for Gacy. Illinois had reinstated capital punishment in 1977, so only the 12 cases that could be proved to have occurred after this date were eligible for this sentence. On March 13, after two hours and 15 minutes of deliberation, the jury delivered Gacy's death sentence.
Gacy spent more than a dozen years on death row before being executed in May 1994.
Gacy's trial and its outcome couldn't alter the devastation he'd created. Kelly Anne Navarro, a former Cook County Assistant State's Attorney and director of the trial advocacy and dispute resolution program at the University of Illinois Chicago School of Law, tells A&E Crime + Investigation, "I don't think people understand the magnitude of suffering… Every person Gacy touched, touched 10 more. The children of those people are then tainted by that [suffering]."
