Who Built Stonehenge explores the various archaeological sites in Great Britain as a means of explaining the meaning of the ruins found at Stonehenge. A & E'sdocumentary explains the social structure and rituals of the ancient cultures who inhabited Great Britain and in addition explores different methods of archaeological study.

• Druids
• Henge
• Neolithic Age
• chamber
• chieftain society
• egalitarian society
• excarnation
• long barrow
• megalith
• radio carbon dating
• round barrow
• tomb

1. Explain 3 different theories that were used to explain the origins of Stonehenge. How did radio carbon dating effect these theories?

2. How do monuments give relevant evidence that explain the structure of the society in which the monument was built? What do archaeologists look at when trying to make sense of ancient civilizations?

3. What specific change marks the transition from the Old Stone Age to the New Stone Age? What specific change marks the transition from the New Stone Age to the Bronze Age?

4. What materials did Neolithic cultures build with in the Great Britain? Why are the villages in the Auckney Islands off Scotland so well preserved? When were these villages in use?

5. What do the chamber tombs found in the Auckney Islands tell us about the death rituals these people practiced? What do the chamber tombs tell us about the social structure of this culture? What do the bones found tell us about the population living in the Aukney Islands?

6. In what ways were the people living in the Auckney Islands tribal or segmentary societies? In your answer examine the division of territory.

7. What is the purpose of a Long Barrow? What do these structures tell us about the structure of society during the time they were in use? What is a Causeway Enclosure? How is it related to the Long Barrows?

8. How is the Henge different than or similar to the Enclosure? In what ways is Stonehenge an atypical henge?

9. In what ways was the social organization of Neolithic man in Britain changing in the late Neolithic period? How are the henges built around 2500 B. C. different than the earlier ones? In what ways did social changes make construction of these henges possible?

10. How are round barrows different from long barrows? What do round barrows tell us about the society at the time? What was the significance of Stonehenge at this time?

1. What are some different methods archaeologists use to learn about ancient civilizations and to find where these civilizations were located? Name 5 methods of archaeological research . Explain each technique and its purpose. Present your findings in chart form.

2. Choose one archaeological sight described in A&E's Who Built Stonehenge? and answer the following questions:What rituals or beliefs does this structure represent? What is the importance of these rituals or beliefs to the society who built it? Given the mass amounts of labor needed, why do you think this culture went through the effort to build this structure? Explain your ideas in a 5 paragraph essay.

3. Create a timeline of ancient civilizations in Great Britain and eras that extends to 1000 A. D. Include in your timeline the dates when megaliths, long barrows, causeway enclosures, round barrows and henges were in use. Also explain the significance of each time period.

4. Create a diagram of Stonehenge in its original and final forms. Label each part or structure and explain its significance. What is the astrological significance of the heel stone? At the bottom explain what materials were used and how they were transported to Stonehenge. What were some of the difficulties involved in building Stonehenge?